What is the functional unit of the kidney? Nephron filters out blood and replenishes all its useful substances from that filtrate and removes residues (waste and water) in the form of urine.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron is a basic and effective kidney function. The word nephron comes from the Greek word (nephros) meaning kidney. Its main function is to control water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, regenerating what is needed, and excreting everything else such as urine.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2611_Blood_Flow
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2611_Blood_Flow
The following steps are involved in the formation of urine in the nephron:
Ultrafiltration
Blood enters the nephron through the associated arteriole and flows into the glomerulus.
Now this blood contains both filtered and diluted blood components. The walls of the glomerulus are open which provides the necessary pressure for filtering.
Refined blood components, ie water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients and salts (ions) go into the glomerulus and take up plasma-like form called glomerular filtrate.
On the other hand, untreated blood components overflow the filter through arteriole.
Glomerular filtrate basically contains
sugar,
amino acids, water, sodium chloride, potassium,
bicarbonate ion, creatinine and urea
when it leaves the glomerulus and enters the PCT.
http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Functions_of_the_Kidney.html
http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Functions_of_the_Kidney.html
Restoration
Regeneration refers to the movement of substances from glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. Reuse occurs near filter. In this process, several components of the glomelular filtrate that are essential for body function are transferred to the bloodstream. Occurs in PCT, Loop of henle, DCT and hole collection.
Proximal convoluted tubule:
Here high recurrence of filtrate content occurs.
P
C
T
It regenerates almost all the beneficial nutrients from glomerular filtrate. It also restores potassium
(
K
+
)
65
%
sodium cloride
(
N
a
C
l
)
,
65
%
water
(
H
2
O
)
,
90
%
bicarbonate ion
(
H
C
O
-
3
)
, probably
100
%
glucose and approx
100
%
amino acids.
Loop pf Henle:
The descending member of the henle loop plunges deeper into the water and retrieves water as it rises and is replenished
25
%
of sodium chloride.
Remote integrated tube:
It recovers
5
%
of sodium chloride and as water follows the sodium dur to the osmotic gradient so some water is also returned to this part of the nephron.
Hole collection:
In collecting a hole,
5
%
refined sodium chloride is absorbed which is why a small amount of
H
2
O
re-installed. And some urea has also been reintroduced into the collection pit.
Secret
Confidentiality involves the transfer of content from blood to the nephron. It is mainly due to active transport and random distribution. Usually only a few items are discarded by the products and are therefore hidden in the light of the urinary tubes through the tubular epithelium where it will be excreted from the body. Confidentiality occurs according to nephron components:
Proximal convoluted tubule:
The product of onotrogenous waste which means urea and most organic compounds are extracted from PCT.
Remote integrated tube:
A small amount of hydrogen ions
(
H
+
)
and potassium ions
(
K
+
)
are hidden in the DCT.
Hydrogen ions measure
k
H
of filtrate passing through the tubules.
Henle loop drop:
A small amount of urea is also hidden in lowering the organ loop of henle.
http://textflow.mheducation.com/figures/007767670x/sal03717_2322
http://textflow.mheducation.com/figures/007767670x/sal03717_2322
Release
It is not one of the steps in the formation of urine. However at this stage the substances that remain in the glomerular filtrate after passing from the tubular structures of the nephron are collected in the last part of the nephron i.e. collecting a hole. From the hole collection the material is excreted as urine.
Urine mainly makes water
(
H
2
O
)
, creatinine, bicarbonate
(
H
C
O
3
-
)
, potassium ion
(
K
+
)
, urea
(
C
H
4
N
2
O
)
&
sodium chloride
(
N
a
C
l
)
.
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